Importing 11gR2 dump into 10gR2 Database

1. The expdp command with version parameter can be used as follows on the source database (11g).
  #expdp user/pwd file=11g1.dmp version='10.2.0.1' dumpfile=my10gv.dmp directory=dump_dir

2. Import dum file to target database (10g).
  #impdp user/pwd dumpfile=my10gv.dmp

Linux / Unix tar command

tar command use for Create tape archives and add or extract files.

tar Command Options
-c: Create a tar file
-t: List the contents of a tar file
-x: Extract or restore a tar file
-v: Verbose (display the actions tar is taking)

Create a new tar file:
% tar ctvf outputfile.tar inputfile(s)

-f: filename

Examples for backup FoxBase+:
% tar ctvf foxbase.tar /usr/lib/foxplus /usr/bin/fox*

To extract files:
% tar xvf filename.tar

To extract files to different folder:

% tar -xzvf <filelname> /home/bob

Write tar file on a backup tape:
% tar cvf filename.tar /dev/rct0

Linux Copy One Hard Disk to Another Using dd Command

Hard Disk Clone

dd command can copy disk in raw format. It will copy partition table and bootloader and all partitions within this disk. For example, you can copy /dev/sda to /dev/sdb (same size) using the following dd command. dd should complete with no errors, but output the number of records read and written.

Login as the root user (use sudo or su command)

dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb

if=/dev/sda : Input disk (source)
of=/dev/sdb : Output disk (destination)

Making a Hard Disk Image File
dd if=/dev/sda of=~/disk1.img

Partition Clone
dd if=/dev/sda1 of=~/disk2.img

Restoring from an Image File
dd if=disk1.img of=/dev/sda

SCO Commands

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

hwconfig -h  Displays the hardware configuration
swconfig  Displays the system contents database

hw   (5.0.4 and above) Display detailed hardware config.

fixmog -i Checks all system files against file control database

isverify -I Rebuild ISAM database after system restore, need when
  the following message is displayed :-
  "Error: Incorrect SCO Runtime System installed@

/etc/conf/cf.d/configure Tune kernel parameters
/etc/conf/cf.d/link_unix Relinks the kernel

asktime  Used to set the time and date.

/usr/adm/ISL/iqm_file Contains serial number and activation key.

od (filename)  Octal dump of a file
hd (filename)  Hexadecimal dump of a file

custom  Menu for installing software
scoadmin Administration menu (OSR5)
sysadmsh Administration menu (3.2.4.2)

scologin disable Disables graphical SCO login at startup (X)
scologin enables Enables graphical SCO login at startup (X)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    TERMINALS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ttylock (tty)  Locks a named terminal
ttyunlock (tty)  Unlocks a locked terminal

enable (tty)  Turns on terminals
disable (tty)  Turns off terminals

To setup a serial console, add SYSTTY=x into /etc/default/boot.
(Where x is 0 is display adapter and 1 is comm 1 etc)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    NETWORK
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

hostname  Displays hostname
hostname (hostname) Sets the hostname until next reboot

tcp start Starts TCP services
tcp stop Stops TCP services

nfs start Starts NFS services
nfs stop Stops NFS services

netconfig Menu for setting up network adapters

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    BACKUPS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CPIO ARCHIVE
------------

find (filesystem) -print | cpio -ocv > (filename or device)

eg find ./usr/ -print | cpio -ocv > /dev/rStp0

CPIO RESTORE
------------

cpio -ict < (filename or device) | more  Lists archive
cpio -icdv < (filename or device)
cpio -icdv < (filename or device) ("files or directories to restore")

eg cpio -icdv < /dev/rStp0 "tcpip/*"     Restore directory and contents
   cpio -icdv < /dev/rStp0 "*resolve.conf" Restore a named file

TAR ARCHIVE
-----------

tar -cvf (filename or device) ("files or directories to archive")

eg tar -cvf /dev/rStp0 "/usr/*"

TAR RESTORE
-----------

tar -tvf (filename or device)    Lists archive

tar -xvf (filename or device)   Restore all
tar -xvf (filename or device) ("files or directories to restore")
use -p option for restoring with orginal permissions

eg tar -xvf /dev/rStp0 "tcpip"   Restore directory and contents
   tar -xvf /dev/rStp0 "tcpip/resolve.conf" Restore a named file


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    TAPE DRIVES
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/dev/xct0 Cartridge tape controller
/dev/erct0 Error correcting cartridge tape
/dev/nrct0 No rewind cartridge tape
/dev/rct0 Cartridge tape
/dev/rStp0 SCSI tape
/dev/rctmini Mini catridge tape
/dev/rft0 QIC40 floppy tape

Cartridge   rct0 nrct0 xct0
SCSI cartridge or DAT rStp0 nrStp0 xStp0
Mini cartridge  rctmini nrctmini xctmini

/dev/r  Rewinds on closing
/dev/nr  No rewind on closing
/dev/x  Control file used by the tape command, cannot be used for data

tape reten (device) Retension the tape
tape rewind (device) Rewind the tape
tape erase (device) Erase the tape
tape status (device) Is there a tape in the drive ?
tape unload (device) Eject a tape
tape getblk (device) Reads and reports the block size of the tape

tape -a (new block size) setblk (device) Sets the block size

If no device used the will use default in tape  /etc/defaults/tape

dtype (device) Reports what type of data is on the devices (cpio, tar etc)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    PRINT QUEUES
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

lpstat -t
lpstat -a  Will display "text message" 

reject (pqueue)  Stops requests being placed in the queue
accept (pqueue)  Enables requests to be placed in the queue

reject -r "text message" (pqueue)

disable (pqueue) Halts the queue, request will still be accepted
enable (pqueue)  Enables the queue afte being halted

disable -r "text message" (pqueue)

/usr/lib/lpshut  Stop the print sheduler
/usr/lib/lpsched Start the print sceduler

cancel (job id)  Cancel a job that is queuing

lp -i (job id) -H hold  Hold a job
lp -i (job id) -H resume Cancel the hold on a job
lp -i (job id) -H immediate Promote a job within a queue
lp -i (job id) -d(pqueue) Move a job between queues

$LPDEST  Default queue variable

/etc/printcap  Config file for print queues
/usr/spool/lp  Contains local printers
/usr/spool/lpd  Contains remote printers

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    HARD DRIVES
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

dkinit   Displays non scsi disk details

scsibadblk Scans for bad tracks on disk
badtrk  As as scsibadblk

fdisk   Divides a hard disk into partitions
fdisk -p  Displays partion information
fdisk -p -f (device) Displays partion information for named device
fdisk -p -f /dev/rhd00

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    FILE SYSTEMS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

HTFS High Throughput filesystem
 2 gig max file size
 1 tera max file system size
 1k block size
 Not bootable

DTFS Desktop filesystem
 2 gig max file size
 1 tera max file system size
 512 byte to 4k block size
 Not bootable

EAFS Extended Acerfile file system
 2 gig max file size
 2 gig max file system size
 1k block size
 Bootable and default

AFS, S51K, XENIX <- Other bootable filesystems

divvy   Divides disk partions into divisions for filesystems
divvy -N -P  Displays division information
divvy -N -P (device) Displays division information for 2nd disk drive
divvy -N -P /dev/hd1a

fstyp (device eg /dev/root) Displays filesystem type

/dev/root Boot filesystem (/stand)
/dev/recover
/dev/root Root filesystem (/)
/dev/swap Swap space

fsck (device) Verify a file system, the file system must be unmounted,
  except the /dev/root filesystem, you must be in single user
  mode (init 1) or have booted from boot/root.

fsck -o full (device) Forces a full fsck.
fsck -y (device) Pre-answer questions either yes or no !
fsck -bs (device) Will recreate superblock

mkdev fs  Screen for Creating and deleting filesystems

mount               Lists all the mounted filesystems
mount (fs or device)    Mounts a named filesystem
mountall   Mounts all filesystems

fuser -u (/mount point) Lists who is using the filesystem

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SWAP SPACE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

swap -l  Lists swap space and useage.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    BOOTING
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

kernel  Will display path and name of the kernel used to boot system

mount /dev/hd0root /mnt  Mounts root filesystem over /mnt when you 
    have booting from boot/root floppies.

mount /dev/boot /mnt/stand Mounts boot filesystem.

Boot: hd(40)unix Boot floppy, load kernel from hard drive.
   Used when /boot not found error

Boot: fd(64)unix root=hd(40) swap=hd(41) Unix from floppy, mount root
      filesystems on hard disk.

Boot: unix.old  Load the previous version of the kernel
   (Must be in /stand {/dev/boot} directory)

Boot: dir  Displays whats in /stand (/dev/boot)

Boot: bootos ?  Lists partitions
Boot: bootos 4  Boot from a non-active partition

Boot: defbootstr btld=fd(61) link=alad325 Sdsk=alad(0,0,0,0)

 btld Boot time loadable driver can be found at fd(61) b: drive,
      defaults to fd(60) a: if not present.
 link Uses driver alad325 from device specified in btld, driver
      disks are unix filesystem disks.
 Sdsk Device to use the boot time loadable driver with :-
  alad is for the controller, 
     0 is host adapter
     0 is bus on the adapter
     0 is drive scsi id
     0 is LUN

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCHEDULING
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

crontab -l   List out crontab entrys
crontab -e   Edit crontab entrys
crontab -l > (filename)  Output crontab entrys to a file
crontab (filename)  Enter a crontab from a file
crontab -r   Removes all crontab entrys
crontab -v   Displays crontab submission time.

/usr/lib/cron/cron.allow        File containing users allowed crontab use.
/usr/lib/cron/cron.deny         File containing users denied crontab use.
/usr/spool/cron/crontabs Directory containing users crontabs

at (now + 2 minutes, 13:05, etc) {return} Schedule a job using at
Command or schell script {return}
{CTRL D}

at -l    

at -r (at job No)

/usr/lib/cron/at.allow  File containing users allowed at use.
/usr/lib/cron/at.deny  File containing users denied at use.
/usr/spool/cron/atjobs  Directory contains users at jobs

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SECURITY
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

chmod abcd (filename) Changes files/directory permissions

Where a is  (4 SUID) + (2 SGID)  + (1 SVTX)
      b is  (4 read) + (2 write) + (1 execute)  permissions for owner
      c is  (4 read) + (2 write) + (1 execute)  permissions for group
      d is  (4 read) + (2 write) + (1 execute)  permissions for others


 -rwxrwxrwx   -rwxrwxrwx   -rwxrwxrwx
  |||             |||             |||
   -               -               -
   |               |               |
 Owner           Group           Others

 -rwSrwxrwx = SUID   -rwxrwSrwx = SGID   drwxrwxrwt = SVTX


chown (new owner) (filename) Changes file/directory owners
chgrp (new group) (filename) Changes file/directory groups

umask    Displays umask settings
umask abc   Changes users umask settings

where ( 7 - a = new file read permissions)
      ( 7 - b = new file write permissions) 
      ( 7 - c = new file execute permissions)

eg umask 022 = new file permissions of 755 = read write and execute for owner   
                                             read ----- and execute for group
                                             read ----- and execute for other

passwd   Change current user password
passwd -l (user) Lock a users account
passwd -u (user) Unlock a users account

goodpw  Test to see if a passwd is acceptable.

pwck  Checks /etc/passwd file for inconsistencies
grpck  Checks /etc/group file for inconsistencies

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    USERS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

env  Displays values of environment variables

id   Displays current user's uid and gid details
id (user) Displays user uid and gid details

who  Displays details of all users currently logged in.
w

quot (filesystem) Displays disk useage by user

useradd

userdel   (Note does not remove home dir)
rmuser

userls -l (username)

usermod

groupls   Lists what groups you are in.
groupls (username)
groupls -a  Lists all groups

groupmod

groupadd

groupdel
rmgroup

passwd (username)
rmpasswd

unretire (username) To reactivate a retired user

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   INIT RUN LEVELS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

init (run level)   Switches run levels

0 Shutdown
1 Single user
2,3,4 Multiuser
6 Reboot


haltsys  
reboot

shutdown -g(number) grace period before starting shutdown
         -y  answer y to all further questions
         -i(number) shutdown to run level

shutdown -y -g0 -i1 To shutdown to single user mode
shutdown -y -g0 -i6 To shutdown and reboot system.

who -b  Displays when the machine was last booted
who -r  Displays what the current run level is


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             SERIAL PORTS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

com1 = /dev/tty1a (terminal/getty) or /dev/tty1A (dial out modem)
com2 = /dev/tty2a (terminal/getty) or /dev/tty2A (dial out modem)

enable /dev/tty1a Enables the getty on /dev/tty1a
disable /dev/tty1a Disables the getty on /dev/tty1a
(above edits both /etc/inittab and /etc/conf/init.d/sio files)

/etc/inittab
/etc/gettydefs

/etc/conf/init.d/sio Contains the defaults for the serial part of inittab.
   Will recreate inittab from this when the environment
   is rebuilt using link_unix.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             ERROR LOGGING
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/usr/adm/messages


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        PERFORMANCE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

sar (delay) (repeats)

options :-

-r Displays amount of free memory and free swap
-d Displays disk and tape activity
-b Displays buffer activity
-u Displays cpu useage

swap -l  Displays swap details and useage

/etc/conf/cf.d/configure -x Displays kernel parameters
sysdef

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        FLOPPY DRIVES
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 48ds9  360Kb  5.25 inch
 96ds15  1.2Mb  5.25 inch
135ds9  720Kb  3.5 inch
135ds18  1.44Mb  3.5 inch
135ds36  2.88Mb  3.5 inch
 | | |
 | | +------ sectors per track
 | +-------- ds = double sided
 +---------- tracks per inch

/dev/rfd0135ds18 = floppy disk 0 3.5" 1.44Mb

format  Formats disk for use.

mkdev fs Screen for creating root/boot disks or floppy filesystems

diskcp  Disk to disk copy
diskcp -f Disk to disk copy with format first.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        DOS DISKETTES
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

doscp
dosrm

dosdir  List dos directories in dos dir style
dosdir /dev/fd0 or dosdir a:

dosls  List dos directories in unix ls style

dosformat Format a dos floppy

dosmkdir Create a dos directory
dosrmdir Remove a dos directory

doscat

dtox (in file) > (out file) Dos to unix ascii file conversion
xtod (in file) > (out file) Unix to dos ascii file conversion

Delete Archived Logs - Oracle

If you have not enough space in your disk and make sure you have recent backup of your database and archive log is not needed then you can use.

Delete more than 2 days old log files:

RMAN TARGET /
DELETE ARCHIVELOG UNTIL TIME 'SYSDATE-2';

Delete all log files:

RMAN TARGET /
STARTUP MOUNT;
DELETE ARCHIVELOG ALL;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

RMAN-06059: expected archived log not found

This can happen for a variety of reasons; the file has been manually moved or deleted, the archive log destination has recently been changed, the file has been compressed, etc.

Starting backup
current log archived
released channel: DISK01
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of backup command at 14:24:55
RMAN-06059: expected archived log not found, lost of archived log
compromises recoverability
ORA-19625: error identifying file /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/TESTDB/2011_05_03/o1_mf_1_26vz057td.arc
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3 

Your options are either to restore the missing file(s), or to perform a crosscheck. To perform a crosscheck, run the following command from within RMAN:
change archivelog all crosscheck;
It is advisable to perform a full backup of the database at this point.

When an archive log crosscheck is performed, RMAN checks each archive log in turn to make sure that it exists on disk (or tape). Those that are missing are marked as unavailable. If you have got missing logs, this won't bring them back. It will allow you to get past this error and back-up the database though.

Mount NTFS file system on Oracle Linux 5

1. Install following yum repository 

# Linux 5 / i386:

rpm -Uvh http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/i386/rpmforge/RPMS/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.i386.rpm

# Linux 5 / x86_64:

rpm -Uvh http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/x86_64/rpmforge/RPMS/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm

2. Update yum repository

yum update

3. Install fuse

# Linux 5 / i386:

yum install fuse-2.7.4-8.cl5.i386.rpm

# Linux 5 / x86_64:

 yum install fuse-2.7.4-8.cl5.x86_64.rpm

4. Install ntfs-3g

yum install ntfs-3g

5. Mount your disk

mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/hdb1 /mnt/disk1